GRE General Test

The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) General Test is a standardized test widely used for admission to graduate programs and business schools.

Overview of the GRE General Test

What is the GRE?

The GRE is a standardized test developed and administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). It aims to measure the verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, analytical writing, and critical thinking skills that are essential for success in graduate and business school.

Importance of the GRE

The GRE is a critical component of the admissions process for many graduate programs. It provides a common measure for comparing the qualifications of applicants, helping admissions committees make informed decisions. The GRE scores are used in conjunction with other application materials such as undergraduate records, letters of recommendation, and personal statements.

Structure of the GRE

The GRE General Test consists of three main sections:

1. Analytical Writing
2. Verbal Reasoning
3. Quantitative Reasoning

Each section is designed to assess different skills and knowledge areas.

Analytical Writing Section

Purpose and Structure

The Analytical Writing section measures critical thinking and analytical writing skills. It assesses your ability to articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively, support ideas with relevant reasons and examples, examine claims and accompanying evidence, and sustain a well-focused, coherent discussion.

Tasks in Analytical Writing

1. Issue Task
   • You are presented with a topic and required to write an essay in response to it.
   • The task requires you to develop a position on the issue and support it with reasons and examples.
   • You have 30 minutes to complete this task.
2. Argument Task
   • You are given a brief argument to critique. Your task is to evaluate the logical soundness of the argument rather than agree or disagree with the position it presents.
   • The task requires you to discuss the argument’s assumptions, evidence, and logical structure.
   • You have 30 minutes to complete this task.

Scoring

The Analytical Writing section is scored on a scale of 0 to 6 in half-point increments. Scores are determined by trained human raters and a computerized program, e-rater. The scores reflect the overall quality of the essay in terms of critical thinking, argumentation, organization, and language usage.

Preparation Tips

1. Practice Writing Essays
   • Write practice essays on various topics to improve your writing skills. Focus on organizing your thoughts, developing clear arguments, and using appropriate examples.
2. Review Sample Essays
   • Analyze high-scoring sample essays to understand what makes them effective. Pay attention to their structure, argumentation, and use of evidence.
3. Study Argument Analysis
   • Learn to identify common logical fallacies and practice critiquing arguments. Focus on evaluating the assumptions, evidence, and logical structure of the arguments.

Verbal Reasoning Section

Purpose and Structure

The Verbal Reasoning section measures your ability to analyze and evaluate written material, synthesize information obtained from it, analyze relationships among component parts of sentences, and recognize relationships among words and concepts.

Question Types in Verbal Reasoning

1. Reading Comprehension
   • Questions based on passages of varying lengths. Tasks include understanding the meaning of individual words and sentences, summarizing the passage, and drawing conclusions.
   • Passages can be drawn from various disciplines, including humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences.
2. Text Completion
   • Questions where you must select the appropriate word(s) to fill in the blanks in a sentence or passage. These questions test your ability to understand the context and meaning of the text.
3. Sentence Equivalence
   • Questions where you need to find two words that complete the sentence and produce equivalent meanings. These questions assess your ability to identify words with similar meanings and understand sentence structure.

Scoring

The Verbal Reasoning section is scored on a scale of 130 to 170 in one-point increments. There are two sections, each with 20 questions and a time limit of 30 minutes.

Preparation Tips

1. Expand Your Vocabulary
   • Learn high-frequency GRE words and practice using them in sentences. Use flashcards, vocabulary apps, and word lists to enhance your vocabulary.
2. Practice Reading Comprehension
   • Read diverse materials such as academic journals, newspapers, and fiction to improve your comprehension skills. Practice summarizing passages and answering questions based on them.
3. Use Practice Tests
   • Take full-length practice tests to familiarize yourself with the question types and timing. Analyze your performance and focus on areas where you need improvement.

Quantitative Reasoning Section

Purpose and Structure

The Quantitative Reasoning section measures your ability to understand, interpret, and analyze quantitative information, solve problems using mathematical concepts, and apply basic mathematical skills and concepts.

Question Types in Quantitative Reasoning

1. Quantitative Comparison
   • Compare two quantities and determine the relationship between them. These questions assess your ability to reason and make comparisons without performing extensive calculations.
2. Multiple-Choice Questions
   • Questions with one or more correct answers. These questions test a range of mathematical skills, including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis.
3. Numeric Entry
   • Questions where you must enter your answer manually. These questions require precise calculation and accurate entry of numerical values.
4. Data Interpretation
   • Questions based on data presented in graphs, charts, and tables. These questions assess your ability to interpret and analyze quantitative data.

Scoring

The Quantitative Reasoning section is scored on a scale of 130 to 170 in one-point increments. There are two sections, each with 20 questions and a time limit of 35 minutes.

Preparation Tips

1. Review Basic Math Concepts
   • Refresh your knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis. Focus on understanding the underlying concepts and principles.
2. Practice Problem Solving
   • Solve a variety of practice problems to develop your analytical and problem-solving skills. Focus on different question types and difficulty levels.
3. Take Practice Tests
   • Simulate test conditions by taking full-length practice tests. Analyze your performance and identify areas where you need improvement.

Test Day Procedures

Registration and Scheduling

1. Register Early
   • Register for the GRE well in advance to secure your preferred test date and location. Registration can be done online through the ETS website.
2. Choose a Suitable Test Center
   • Select a test center that is convenient and comfortable for you. Consider factors such as distance, parking, and test center facilities.

On Test Day

1. Arrive Early
   • Arrive at the test center at least 30 minutes before your scheduled test time. This allows time for check-in procedures and reduces stress.
2. Bring Necessary Identification
   • Bring valid, acceptable identification as specified by ETS. Ensure that your ID matches the name used during registration.
3. Follow Instructions
   • Listen carefully to the test center staff and follow their instructions. Familiarize yourself with the test center rules and procedures.

During the Test

1. Manage Your Time
   • Allocate your time wisely across sections to ensure you complete the test. Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself accordingly.
2. Stay Calm and Focused
   • Maintain your composure and focus on the questions. Take deep breaths and avoid unnecessary stress.

After the Test

Receiving Your Scores

1. Score Reporting
   • You will receive unofficial scores for the Verbal and Quantitative sections immediately after the test. Official scores, including the Analytical Writing score, are available within 10-15 days.
   • You can send your scores to up to four graduate programs for free on test day. Additional score reports can be sent for a fee.
2. Understanding Percentiles
   • Your score report includes percentile ranks, indicating how your scores compare to other test takers. Percentiles help you understand your relative performance.

Interpreting Your Scores

1. Score Use by Programs
   • Different programs weigh GRE scores differently. Some programs may place more emphasis on certain sections, while others consider the overall score. Understand how your target programs use GRE scores.
2. Retaking the GRE
   • If you are not satisfied with your scores, you can retake the GRE. ETS allows you to take the GRE up to five times within any continuous rolling 12-month period.

Preparation Resources

Official GRE Resources

1. ETS Official Guide
   • The ETS Official Guide to the GRE is a comprehensive resource with practice questions, sample essays, and test-taking strategies. It is an essential tool for GRE preparation.
2. PowerPrep Online
   • PowerPrep provides free practice tests that simulate the actual GRE testing experience. These tests help you become familiar with the test format and question types.

Additional Study Materials

1. Prep Books
   • Numerous prep books are available from publishers like Kaplan, Princeton Review, and Manhattan Prep. These books offer practice questions, strategies, and tips for each section of the GRE.
2. Online Courses
   • Online courses offer structured study plans, interactive content, and practice questions. Platforms like Magoosh, Kaplan, and Coursera provide comprehensive GRE preparation courses.
3. Tutoring
   • Private tutoring can provide personalized guidance and support. Tutors can help you identify your strengths and weaknesses, develop a study plan, and improve your test-taking skills.

Test-Taking Strategies

General Tips

1. Familiarize Yourself with the Test Format
   • Understand the structure and types of questions on the GRE. Familiarity with the test format reduces anxiety and improves performance.
2. Develop a Study Plan
   • Create a study schedule that allows sufficient time to cover all sections. Set realistic goals and allocate time for practice and review.
3. Practice Regularly
   • Consistent practice is key to improving your skills. Practice regularly to reinforce concepts and build confidence.

Section-Specific Strategies

Analytical Writing

1. Plan Before You Write
   • Spend a few minutes outlining your essay before you start writing. A clear plan helps you organize your thoughts and stay focused.
2. Be Clear and Concise
   • Focus on clarity and conciseness in your writing. Avoid unnecessary jargon and ensure your arguments are well-supported.

Verbal Reasoning

1. Read the Entire Passage
   • Read passages thoroughly before answering questions. Understand the main ideas and details to answer accurately.
2. Eliminate Wrong Answers
   • Use the process of elimination to narrow down answer choices. Eliminating obviously wrong answers increases your chances of selecting the correct one.

Quantitative Reasoning

1. Double-Check Your Work
   • Verify your calculations to avoid careless errors. Ensure your answers are reasonable and within the expected range.
2. Use Scratch Paper
   • Use scratch paper to work out problems and organize your thoughts. This helps you keep track of your calculations and avoid mistakes.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How often can I take the GRE?

You can take the GRE once every 21 days, up to five times within any continuous rolling 12-month period. This includes test attempts in which scores were canceled.

How long are GRE scores valid?

GRE scores are valid for five years from the test date. Make sure to plan your test date so that your scores will be valid when you apply to graduate programs.

Can I use a calculator on the GRE?

A basic on-screen calculator is provided for the Quantitative Reasoning section. You cannot bring your own calculator. Practice using the on-screen calculator during your preparation to become comfortable with its functions.

What is the GRE ScoreSelect option?

The ScoreSelect option allows you to choose which GRE scores to send to schools. You can select scores from a specific test date or send all your scores from the last five years. This option gives you control over which scores are considered by admissions committees.

How is the GRE scored?

The Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning sections are scored on a scale of 130 to 170 in one-point increments. The Analytical Writing section is scored on a scale of 0 to 6 in half-point increments. Scores are based on the number of correct responses, adjusted for the difficulty of the questions.

What is a good GRE score?

A “good” GRE score depends on the requirements of the programs to which you are applying. Research the average scores for admitted students at your target programs to set your score goals. Generally, scores above the 75th percentile are considered competitive.

How do I send my GRE scores to schools?

On test day, you can send your scores to up to four graduate programs for free. Additional score reports can be sent for a fee through your ETS account. Use the ScoreSelect option to choose which scores to send.

GRE Myths and Misconceptions

Myth: You need a perfect score to get into top programs.

While high scores are beneficial, admissions committees consider multiple factors, including your undergraduate GPA, letters of recommendation, personal statement, and relevant experience. A balanced application is more important than a perfect GRE score.

Myth: You can’t improve your GRE score significantly.

With focused preparation and practice, many test-takers can improve their scores. Identify your weaknesses, develop a study plan, and use high-quality resources to enhance your performance.

Myth: Only recent graduates can do well on the GRE.

The GRE is designed to measure skills that develop over time, not just recent academic knowledge. With adequate preparation, individuals at any stage of their academic or professional careers can perform well on the GRE.

Myth: The GRE is the most important part of the application.

While the GRE is an important component, it is not the sole determinant of your admission. Graduate programs consider a holistic view of your application, including your academic record, work experience, research, and extracurricular activities.